Companion of the Order of Canada
- Awarded on: April 27, 2000
- Invested on: October 26, 2002
As a professor and former Dean of law at the University of Toronto and Dalhousie University, he is a renowned scholar, notably for his definitive work on the rule of law in international relations. He is the first and only non-European to serve as a judge of the European Court of Human Rights and the first Westerner appointed as Honorary Professor of Law at China's Peking University. Described as a "citizen of the world," he is recognized for his profound commitment to the universal protection of human rights. This is a promotion within the Order.